Climate Variability in Central Europe during the Last 2500 Years Reconstructed from Four High-Resolution Multi-Proxy Speleothem Records

The Late Holocene was characterized by several centennial-scale climate oscillations including the Roman Warm Period, Dark Ages Cold Medieval Period and Little Ice Age. detection investigation of such anomalies requires paleoclimate archives with an accurate chronology as well a high temporal resolution. Here, we present 230Th/U-dated high-resolution multi-proxy records (?13C, ?18O trace elements) for last 2500 years four speleothems from Bunker Cave Herbstlabyrinth cave system in Germany. data all show evidence two warm cold phases during years, which coincide Age, respectively. During these periods, ?13C Mg concentration Bu4 (Bunker Cave) TV1 (Herbstlabyrinth system) common features are thus interpreted to be related past variability. Comparison other suggests strong influence North Atlantic Oscillation at caves sites, is reflected humid conditions dry period Bu1 NG01 (Herbstlabyrinth) inconsistent patterns Sr, Ba P that processes controlling abundance elements dominated site-specific effects rather than being supra-regional